Vasotocin neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (green) expressing egr-1 protein (red) following a stressful interaction in a songbird.

Stress-responsive neuroendocrine systems influence peripheral physiology, cognition and many forms of social behavior. Dysregulation and chronic activation of these systems are also linked to immune deficiencies, disease, and neuronal death. These are just a few of the topics related to stress that are being studied by SBN members. Photo by Jim Goodson.

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