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/* titles */
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t[y++]= 'A DNA microarray';
t[y++]= 'A male white-crowned sparrow singing';
t[y++]= 'Vasotocin neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (green) expressing egr-1 protein (red) following a stressful interaction in a songbird.';
t[y++]= 'Three reproductive phenotypes in the plainfin midshipman fish.';
t[y++]= 'A rhesus macaque mother with her infant';
t[y++]= 'A pair of monogamous prairie voles inspect their genome.';
t[y++]= 'A male green anole extends his dewlap in display';
t[y++]= 'Tagged honeybees wearing number tags.';
t[y++]= 'A hamster in a running wheel and an "actogram."';
t[y++]= 'A mother rat huddling over her pups.';
t[y++]= 'Roughskin newts in amplexus';
t[y++]= 'A group of cooperatively breeding cichlid fish (<em>Neolamprologus pulcher</em>).';
t[y++]= 'A family of Wied\'s black tufted-ear marmosets (<em>Callithrix kuhlii</em>) settling in to their nest area for the night.';
t[y++]= 'A confocal image from the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus in a rat, triple-labeled for BrdU (red; a marker of newly proliferated cells), NeuN (green; a neuronal marker), and GFAP (blue; a glial marker).';
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t[y++]= 'Hormones and Behavior Volume 50, Issue 1';
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t[y++]= 'Striped mice <em>(Rhabdomys pumilio)</em>';
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c[x++]= 'Hormones influence brain and behavior often through changes in gene expression. DNA microarrays, also called &quot;gene chips,&quot; allow researchers to measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously in any tissue, and even in single cells. A microarray consists of thousands of DNA strands printed onto a glass slide with each spot representing a different gene. Photo by Hans Hoffman.';
c[x++]= 'Songbirds are unique in the fact that they exhibit a forebrain system that is completely dedicated to the learning and production of a specific behavior. This forebrain system exhibits profound neural plasticity that is regulated by hormonal and social factors. Photo by Doug Nelson.';
c[x++]= 'Stress-responsive neuroendocrine systems influence peripheral physiology, cognition and many forms of social behavior. Dysregulation and chronic activation of these systems are also linked to immune deficiencies, disease, and neuronal death. These are just a few of the topics related to stress that are being studied by SBN members. Photo by Jim Goodson.';
c[x++]= 'With more than 24,000 species, fish are the most diverse vertebrate group. Teleost (bony) fish in particular exhibit a dazzling variety of social behaviors, including some forms of physiological and behavioral plasticity that have not been achieved in other taxa (e.g. sex change). Many SBN members therefore focus on fish as a means of understanding how neuroendocrine processes can mediate phenotypic plasticity during development and/or during adulthood. Photo by Margaret Marchaterre.';
c[x++]= 'Hormonal and neuroendocrine processes related to affiliation and mother-infant bonding are of special interest to SBN researchers. These issues are studied in numerous animals other than monkeys, but research with non-human primates serves the vital function of translating more general findings into a human-like milieu of social and physiological factors. Photo by Kim Wallen.';
c[x++]= 'Species comparisons are employed by numerous SBN members for the purpose of understanding how neuroendocrine processes evolve in relation to behavioral or physiological specializations. For instance, by comparing monogamous and polygamous mammals, researchers have discovered that the vasopressin V1a receptor gene plays a major role in pairbonding and other affiliative behaviors. Photo by Larry Young.';
c[x++]= 'Communication in the context of reproduction and aggression is ubiquitous among animals. Stereotyped displays such as this one offer the opportunity to study the neural and hormonal substrates of social communication, and also provide excellent models for examining the sexual differentiation of motor systems that regulate sex-specific behaviors. Photo by Tom Jenssen.';
c[x++]= 'Many insects undergo profound behavioral and morphological changes during their lifetimes which are typically coordinated by hormones. Research on the relevant neuroendocrine mechanisms is of substantial economic importance; for instance, in relation to pest management. In the case of honeybees, dramatic changes occur as a bee transitions from working in the hive to foraging (a cognitively complex task). Honeybees therefore provide excellent subjects for the study of hormone-dependent plasticity. Photo by Zachary Huang.';
c[x++]= 'Neuroendocrine mechanisms coordinate daily cycles of behavior and physiology in all animals. These mechanisms have been very productively studied by focusing on wheel-running activity, which is a robust and easily measured variable in most rodents. Much of what we know about biological rhythms, including those in humans, derives from such studies. Photo by Jennifer Evans.';
c[x++]= 'Rats have provided a wide range of important insights into female reproductive physiology and behavior. Studies of maternal behavior in particular have helped us understand how neuroendocrine processes prepare pregnant mothers for parenting, and later regulate recognition, nurturance and lactation. Photo by Joe Lonstein.';
c[x++]= 'Sexual behavior is a favorite focus for members of our organization, and for many good reasons. Issues related to sexual differentiation, communication, motor regulation, molecular mechanisms of hormone action, decision-making and behavioral selection are all very productively addressed by examining sexual and other reproductive behaviors. Photo by Frank Moore.';
c[x++]= 'Cichlids offer many opportunities to study the molecular and hormonal processes associated with mating systems, breeding strategies and life histories. Photo by Julie Desjardins.';
c[x++]= 'Callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins) are frequently the subjects of endocrinological research focused on pairing, parental care, and other aspects of social living. Photo by Jeffrey Fite.';
c[x++]= 'Shown is a newly proliferated neuron, double-labeled with BrdU and NeuN.  Neurogenesis in the hippocampus and other brain areas is often influenced by hormones, as are learning and memory processes. Photo by Mark Spritzer.';
c[x++]= 'Female sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) at Kirindy Forest / CFPF, Western Madagascar. Courtesy of Claudia Fichtel.';
c[x++]= 'Pair-bonded male and female marmosets, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Photo by Judith Sparkles.';
c[x++]= 'Male blue tits sing in the spring to establish territories and attract females. Blue tits living in an evergreen environment in Corsica display this behavior and other reproductive activities as an average one month later than adjacent populations living in deciduous oak trees and this difference in phenology appears to be adaptive. Photograph by S.P. Caro.';
c[x++]= 'Real-time PCR reveals that socially dominant male Astatotilapia burtoni (shown here) have increased expression of androgen and estrogen receptor genes in the brain. Image credit: Sabrina S. Burmeister and Mark Schrumpf.';
c[x++]= 'A pair of the sex-changing coral reef fish, Parapercis cylindrica. The female (foreground) will change sex only if the male (background) dies or is removed. Photograph by Stefan Walker. For further information, see article in this issue by Frisch et al.';
c[x++]= 'A goose from the free-roaming flock in Gruenau, Austria. After bathing the goose rears up as high as possible and performs wing flapping so that primary feathers fan out. Photo by Simona Kralj-Fišer.';
c[x++]= 'RFamide peptides can have pronounced effects on neuroendocrine function. Mammalian RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) suppresses LH secretion presumably by acting, at least in part, directly on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons.   These images depict RFRP fibers targeting GnRH cells in rats (top) and mice (bottom).  For visibility, images are shown as GnRH (red) alone, RFRP fibers (green) alone, followed by their respective overlays.  Images were taken at 1000x at the light level. Photo by Lance J. Kriegsfeld.';
c[x++]= 'Naked mole-rats are fossorial African rodents that live in colonies typically including 60-80 individuals, but with only one breeding female and 1-3 breeding males.  The other colony members, termed subordinates, are not directly involved in reproduction but do help in overall burrow maintenance, foraging, and defense.  Subordinate naked mole-rats show an extraordinary reduction in several of the types of sex differences that are evident in virtually all other mammals.  This reduction in sex differences may have evolved in conjunction with the evolution of a eusocial condition in which most individuals will achieve reproductive fitness solely by helping to maintain a burrow environment suitable for the breeders.  Photograph by Virge A. Kask.';
c[x++]= 'Two brown anoles, Anolis sagrei (also known as the Cuban anole) in a mating posture characteristic of many lizards. Females move to where males can see them when they are ready to breed. They signal males to approach by cocking their neck so the males can grab on with their mouths. This is usually a short encounter (1-2 minutes) when the male makes the final decision to copulate with her or not. when copulation does occur, it usually lasts between 30 and 60 minutes (Kaplan, 2003). Photo by Mayte Parada.';
c[x++]= 'Two brown anoles, Anolis sagrei (also known as the Cuban anole) in a mating posture characteristic of many lizards. Females move to where males can see them when they are ready to breed. They signal males to approach by cocking their neck so the males can grab on with their mouths. This is usually a short encounter (1-2 minutes) when the male makes the final decision to copulate with her or not. when copulation does occur, it usually lasts between 30 and 60 minutes (Kaplan, 2003). Photo by Mayte Parada.';
c[x++]= 'Striped mice <em>(Rhabdomys pumilio)</em> show extreme social flexibility, ranging from solitary living to living in extended family groups with communal breeding, paternal care and helpers at the nest. They are thus a good model to study the neuroendocrine mechanisms of group living, paternal care, communal breeding and helping behavior. Submitted by Carsten Schradin.';
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